Manufacture of typewriter-types



March 8, 1938. E. THORELL MANUFACTURE OF TYPEWRITER TYPES Filed Oct. 24, 1935 7 Sheets-Sheet l I 'NVENTOR: 634% JM I ATTORN March s, 1938. E, TH RE L 2,110,347

MANUFACTURE OF TYPEWRITER TYPES Filed 001:. 24, 1935 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Hg]. ig.2

March 8, 1938.

w /zz E. THORELL MANUFACTURE OF TYPEWRITER TYPES Filed Oct. 24, 1935 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 March 8, 1938. 5 THQRELL 2,110,347

MANUFACTURE OF TYPEWRITER TYPES Filed Oct. 24, 1955 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOFB W W WEE Fig. [if

r a g 6 M @57 2? W W March 8, 1938. E. THORELL 2,110,347

MANUFACTURE OF TYPEWRITER TYPES Filed on. 24, 1935 v Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR 5m (7M BY y March 8, 1938. E. THORELL 2,110,347

MANUFACTUE OF TYPEWRITER TYPES Filed Oct. 24, 1955 7 Sheets-Sheet s" March 8, 1938. THQRELL 2,110,347

MANUFACTURE OF TYPEWRITER TYPES Filed 001:. 24, 1935 '7 Sheets-Sheet 7 w 1 Fig.2. 2

IIIH

IIIH

| NVE NTOR:

Patented Mar. 8, 1938 .UNITED- STATE-S PATENT OFFICE-r,

Edwin Thorell, West Hartford, Conn., assignor.

' to Underwood Elliott Fisher Company, ,New j York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware E:

Application October 24, 1935, seria No. 46,5705; ,7

8 Claims (Cl.-101 40 1.'5

This invention relates to a process for making types which may be used in typewriters of the noiseless or similar class of machines. In this class of typewrltlng machines, the face of-the according to the diflerent'machines. used; and the languageof saldcharacters. I

Heretofore typesflo'f this. kind were rolled in and the number of characters used vary of course, I

type may belocated in an angular relationship multiple on alarge'blank. After rolling the-typewith the grip or shank which is riveted or solface it was necessarylto'v mill the various angles dered to-a type-bar, usually connected by a syson the backs of the type heads and to formeach tem of levers to a key on the keyboard of the shank separately. Due to the fact, as previously machine. I stated, that the angle-between the type-head In their normal position, the types may be 10- and shank on each type'difiers from that of the 10 cated respectively in a small arc of a circle, a adjoining type, it was necessary to have many short distance in front of the revolving platen. different sets of form cutters to mill the shanks When one of the keys on the keyboard is deand the backs of the type-heads. "It was also necpressed by the operator the corresponding typeessary to employ alnumber of difierent'sets of bar is moved by means of the system of levers fixturesor holding devices to retain the blanks connected thereto, thus moving the selected type in their correct angular relationship during the to the center of, a guide usually located at the process of forming the shanks. After theshanks center of the machine immediately in front of were formed, the type-heads were cutlapart, the platen. forming the individual types, and the subsequent Due to the location of the types in a substanmachining and finishing operations performed. tially circular arc, as previously described, the I Said process presented considerable 'dimculty shanks of said types are usually located in a diand proved costly in both the initial equipment rection substantially radial to said arc. When installation required and in its operation. 'It has the type-bar is moved toward the platen, the typealso proven to be wasteful of material. nead is in a position substantially parallel to the An object of this invention is to evolve a proc- 5 vertical platen plane. There are usually forty or ess for making types in a p nexpensive and more different types on the conventional machine, accurate manner. Thus thereis evolved. a novel twenty or more of which may be located on each method of rolling the y -l and character side of the center line of the machine, in a cirof each ty m a novel individual blank in a cular arc, as previously described. On the cen- Substantia y continuous novel p oce d O tral types, the position of the type-head is usually s: operation b in p r rm n a rolling pr substantially parallel to the vertical plane of the with novel equipment. platen, and the path of said type-head in moving e type-b p of this inventoward the platen is substantially perpendicular tion produces each character in'a substantially thereto. Thus, on the central types, the typefi S d form, and at the Same time forms the head and shank are substantially perpendicular head of the ype n the o of Wings extending to one another. from the central shank, said wings containing The types located t t outer ends of t the head in substantially the required thickness, cular arc have'the type-faces substantially paral- With the excess material at h sldes- After h lel to the vertical plane of the platen, with their rolling Process there are taken the Steps of fi 40 shanks substantially radial to the circular arc. milling and punching, all Of wh ch are here- The type-head and shank thus are in an acute inafter described in detail. There are additional angular relationship with oneanother. On the steps of rd nin numbering a d plating- A11 intermediate types, the face of each type, when p t o s are comparatively simp and the it strikes the platen, is parallel to the plane of novel apparatus for p n the yp and P said platen. The shanks, however, are substantially radial to the aforesaid circular arc. The angle between the type-head and the shank varies in the respective types from the substantially perpendicular relationship common to the central types to the very acute angle of the outer types. As the types may all be located symmetrically about the center line, there are thus ten or more different angular relationships between the typeheads and the shanks of the respective types. On a machine of this class, the angle between the type-head and shank of a type on one side of the center line is substantially equal to the angle of the corresponding type on the opposite side of the center line. The number of different angles forming the various machining operations is of a comparatively simple design.

The novel blank-rod preferably used is rolled with a. thick head, having a depending shank of lsubstantially the shape and thickness, required for the finished type, and the blank rod is out and uired t in a very simnle ,manner.- a

detaiirva'riotu steps types, as well aathe ndvel machines and devices and other appliances employed carrying out said We having alongitudinal shank. A shaped rod is cutinto appropriate lengths for the individual types. The shape may bearresemblance to a squarewlre or rod,.irom,one iace oi'which proi iectsa longitudinaliiang'ei; 'lhe'stock'iurnishes the metal for the type-faces. whilegtbe flange 1 furnishes the material for the Wi -shanks In..the'noiselessytype oi m'eehinener which are designed, the type-carriers work in verticaljplanes. which converge to the print- 1 1 ing point; By its key,eachcarr ier,is thrust rearreversed in positions ingthe' press. '1,

"Watt!!! against the platen; 'rhet'yoe attached '"toitsjcarrier by a shank which is injthe' plane of the carrier, .wliile thetyp'e-i'ace fits to the.

platen. "Thes'hank is, therefore, at an angleto the type-tace. The angles otdiil'erent shanks vary, in consonance with the positionjoi. the individual typeset-net in. the sys em- At the middle'oi. the machine,- the shankislfatabout fa right angleto the type-face. At ,the extreme "the same forall or many types. ""lhepositionbt the shank portion with reterenc'e to thestock portion is not changed, but thedirection oi pressure of the type-dies uponthelstock portion varies for diflerent types, owing-to the different posi- Fthe'press and presented to the type-die.

type-die, which usuallyhas' a rollingmotion, keeps 'the same position and motion in the machine, but the blanks are in a variety of positions, and presented in correspondinglydiiierent ways to the type-dies. Accordingly, the

blank-dies have recesses in which to mount the shanks, and are provided with means for suppo ins e t ck at the tyne-mu s ope at on- By simply inserting any .blan'kin the desired mount in the press; to give the blank" the desired position, and then" by rolling the type-die thereover, there is produced a type, having a rather broad lateral spread orfla'sh; overlying the top surface of the mount or blank die-" With diflere t rolling dies there are used .diii'erent ,mounts" orblank-holder dies, the mountsbeing distinguished from one another, mainly by the diilerent positions in whic they holdthe amiss respectively.

There are enoughiblank-holding dies to give the right positions to allthe typesused on one sldeoi the 'printing'point inthe typewriter; The

';same dies are used rot-the; heir, or 1 the-types, for which th y arefmerely The product ottheiirst operativef steps a ,typet av sa a na s e tithe In most instances the triangle Bythis step, thereis also lei't' or ior 'ned, at the ends of theblank, a quantum of stockli'r'om which, at subsequent operations, there amped theguiding bortions theti hter'the fixed guide 01' the, typewriter, and (thereby change the directionoi movement of the advancof making-tho'aioremen- The type-blank consists ofa tions in which the similar blanks aremounted inaims;

ing type from an scuteang lo t l ah the concluding portion oi the stroke oiv every time bein peraen i a e t a 'rhehextstep is toscore or grove the true. thereby demarking. the iiash portions the sidesotthetypeitselL 1 Subsequently theaesideiiash portions arenmoved. for the next operation is to trim the sides oi thetypes byamilling cutter, which. asaoon as it strikes the-type. breaks-oi! the flashes along the scored lines:

Theportions oi flash remaining at the top and bottom-oi each type are nextmilled omby a milling operation which forms a bevel or chamier onthe' type-ends, to serve as means for guiding 'thejftypes into the type-guide oi" the typewriter. Said sitecs se is in the form oi a rectangular slot with a" enlargement.

.The'next operation is to mn'ove'a littleirom each end on one side of thetype, thus making the samea triflejnarrower at its end toiit the oneside oi the iixed type-guide oi the typewriter against which the type isthrust by the Next rivet holes are made ior use in, attaching the finished typeto the type-bar.

Q There are then made cuts in the lower-ends oi the type. in? the natureoi clearsnces, to'permit the type to enter the fixed guide,

coming to rest against the side of theflxed guide to which the'type is thrust by the type-bar. Theeight central types. that is a group oi iour oneach side of the central line oi the machine,

then have clearances cut in'itheir top and bottom side portions, these clearances preventing. the types? fouling upon the tyne-El de as they ap: proach the platen. Y I o Other features and advantages will hereine aiter appear h a Intheaccompanyingdrawings, Q

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view reproach tatlon of a portion of a typewriter oi" the'noiseless class, showing the position of several types with relation to the platen, the types being 'in their homeposition.

. t Figure 2'isa partial elevation 01' certain of the parts contained in Figure 1, showing two types 'imounted on a single type-bar, a common feature oi noiseless typewriters.

j Figure 3 is a plan view oi onehi! the lo ated types'in printing position against the Y platen, with one of the directional lugs 01 the type-head in contact withan edge of the typeguide. i

Figure 4 is asimilar representation of one of theendtypes. a i

Figure 5 'isan elevation, partially in section,

showing the type-guide, with a type-head -in printing position. I" Figure 6 illustrates a completed type-head.- -Figure "I is a side-elevation oi the opened die, withone Jaw removed, showingthe die-opening plunger and the locking wedge.

a is a side elevation '01 the die, with one jaw removed, showing the die-closing member forcing the blank into andthe wedge" tightened asainst'the die-head.)

Flgureiiisasection throughthedie utn'isesih v holding the'blank during the process of rolling.

The dieis shown in theopen position with the Y blank in position.

Figure 10 is a section through the die of l 'lgure9. showing the die'closcd by the action of the die-closing Figure i1 is a perspective view of the blank bar stock as it is received from the rolling mill, with the type-segments illustrated by dotted lines.

Figure 11 shows a die for a central type.

Figure 12 is a partial section and side elevation of the rolling press, showing the die and blank in position for the rolling operation.

Figure I; is a general perspective view ofthe rolling press used in performing the rolling operations on the type-head from the blank to the rolled type.

Figures 13 and lib show the types and the blanks from which they are produced. The blanks are alike, but they are shown in angular positions corresponding to the positions occupied in the various graded dies.

Figure 14 is a perspective which shows the grooved ejector used in removing the rolled type from the press after the completion of the rolling operation.

Figure 15 is a partially sectional representation of the type-blank being rolled.

Figure 16 is a diagrammatic front elevation of fingers in position to lift the rolled type out of the die.

Figure 1'7 is similar to Figure 16, showing the rolled type being carried on the pick-off fingers.

Figure 18 shows the rolled type after it is delivered from the rolling press.

Figure 19 is a front elevation showing the vise used in holding the rolled type and the tool used in scoring the type-head in preparation for removal of the flash.

Figure 20 is an end elevation of the wheel which mounts the viws of Figure 19, showing additionally the scoring tool and the ejector having ejected a scored type-head.

Figure 21 shows the vise used in clamping the type after the scoring operation; the type being in position for milling the sides of the type-head.

Figure 22 is a representation of the milling operation for forming the bevels on the ends of the type.

Figure 23 is a representation of the operation for milling the guiding lugs at the ends of each type.

Figure 24 is a representation of the clearance milling operation milling both ends of the shank so as to clear one side of the type-guide.

Figure 25 is a representation of the bevel milling operation (used on the eight centrally located types only) Figure 26 illustrates the parts separated that make up the die.

In a typewriter of the noiseless class, the set of types 30 is arranged in a'substantially circular arc Z-Z, as shown in Figure 1, a short distance forward of the platen 3|. The types on one side of a center line X--X of the machine are symmetrical with similarly located or complementary types on the opposite side of the center line. The type-heads 32 are substantially parallel to the vertical plane of the platen.

The respective shanks 33 of the types are riveted or otherwise secured to type-bars 34, located radially with respect to the arc Z- Z. The typeheads 35 of the central types 36 (Figures 1 and 3) same for all of the types.

urally being at an end-type, as 38, Figures 1 and 4. Y

When a key on thekeyboardjs depressed, the corresponding type-bar 24 carries the type from its home position in the arc Z-Z to a position where it contacts the guide 31. The edges 39', 40 of the lugs 39, 40, Figure 6, of a typehead contact edges such as 4!, of a pair of 'notches 42 and 42. formed in the center of the guide 31, see Figures 3, 4 and 5. The purpose of this contact is to deflect the path of the type head, changing the direction of its travel from an angular relation to the platen to one substantially perpendicular thereto, thus insuring the correct printing pressure and position. -It is obvious, therefore. that the angle given such edges must co-operate with the anglebetween type head and shank.

The novel die 50 (see Figures 11', 15 and26) used in co-operation with the rolling press to form the type head and'shank and give the correct angular relationship between type head and shank preferably has two jaws 5| and 52. Jaw 5| is formed with a vertical rectangular channel 53 havinga vertical side 64 and a tapered side 65, the latter sloping uniformly from top to bottom. A vertical rectangular abutment 54 integral with law 52 is'formed to enter and partially occupy channel 53 when the two jaws are brought into intimate contact, one side of abutment 54 contacting the vertical side of channel 53 so as to leave a substantially L-shaped opening remaining.

A slidable die-head 55 having a width substantially equal to that of the abutment occupies the space immediately in front of the abutment. Die-head 55 has formed therein a longitudinal shoulder 55, which, during the rolling operation, will form a shoulder 43 on the under side of the finished type 30. This shoulder serves as a gage for all of the later milling operations. The thickness of the type from the top of the shoulder 43 to the surface of the type-character 44 is the A locking wedge 56 (Figures '7, 8, and 26) having oneside tapered to match that of channel 53 occupies the remaining space and serves as a means of locking diehead 55 in position. The wedge'56 and die-head 55 are operatively associated by means of a tongue 51 formed on the wedge, engaging a suitable recess 58 in the side of the die-head. An extension 59 depending from the bottom diehead 55 to a point below the bottom surface ofjaws 5| and 52 serves as a means of disengaging the. die-head andthe wedge from contact with the jaws 5| and 52, an upward pressure on extension 59 lifting the die-head 55 and associated wedge 56.

For rolling any type in which the type-head 32 forms an acute angle with the shank 33, such as an end-type 38, a portion of the top of the abutment 54 on the jaw 52 of the die is chamfered at 60, as indicated in, Figure 9, to an angle corresponding to the angle between the type-head and.

the shank of the type, the length of such chamfer being substantially equal to the type-shank. Two

substantially semi-cylindrical grooves, as 6|, are

also milled out at the top of the bevelled surface of the abutment 54 to provide for the formation of the lugs 33 and at the ends of the rolled type 30 (see Figure 18) which lugs will later be machined, to form the direction guiding lug faces 39, 40 which contact the edge of the guide 31 (see Figures 3 and 4). The surface 62 below the top of the die-head .55 is bevelled to a correparallel relationship, the space I! (Figure spending angle, to overlie the chamfer *0. in

" between the surfaces when in operating position being equal, to the thickness of the type-head fishankltseel igurew.

l 'or rolling an oppositely positioned end-type,

in which the angle between the head and shank is I the that of ype 38. but opposi e posed, thesame die my be used. The die 5. when inserted in the die-bed, l-ll is. however. reversed in order that all of the characters may be engraved on the rolling dies i'll in a uniform manner, and the 'rolling',diesfuniforrnly mountedin the press.- For any other pair of types, the angle between the respective heads and shanks will be correspondingly equal for each type although less acute than they angle between the head and shankof the'fend-type I8, and the die:

vhead II and the abutment 54 of the die 5 0 are correspondingly beveled .to the appropriate'a'ngle. There may thus, be eleven or more different sets of dies I0, depending uponthe number of angles. required between the type heads and shanks, to form a set of type. Reversing the dies allows the press to roll the forty-two or more types required per machine using one quarter the num.- ber of dies. There are two types on each typebar. Each bar hasa substantial duplicate on the opposite side of the printing center and having i alikeangle; v v

Figure 11 shows the blankbar preferably of cold-rolled drawn steel as, it is received from' the rolling mill, with the head 'll ilush with one The shank II is bevelled at its .as at 13. s

This bar is cut'lnto blank's 12 of the proper 1 length for the forming r. the finished type. The

head 10 of the blank 12 contains enough material to-form the type-head and character. As the bar from ,which this blank is cut is cold-finished, the thickness of the shank II is uniform and practically equalto the finished type-shank thickness required. Onlyeone form of-type-stock bar. is required for the. manufacture of all of the types usedin the typewriterg When thedie, is opened as at Figure 9 by raising the die-head [5, the two/beveled surfaces 60' and 82 provide aspace 63 for the insertion of the shank ll of theblank 12. The die is closed by lowering the die-head 55 and gripping it between. the sides of the channel, by means of the wedge 56, see Figures? and 8. When .the die is closed, the bevelled surface 62 of the die-head and 80 of the jaw-abutment grip the shank ll tightly and hold it in position for therolling operation.

The rolling press, Figures 12 and 13, has two vertical columns 15 and 16 connected by an arch II at the top. These vertical columns are fastened "at their respective bases to a table or machine base II. A shaft 19, preferably journaled at and Ii in the two vertical columns I5 and I8, is connected at one end to an electric motor or other power source 82 by a gear train 82' or other suit- -able means of. transmission, and is fitted at its opposite end with a timing gear. A eam 84 is mounted at the center of the shaft 19 between the two columns. Thetiming gear 83; meshes with and drives agear I5 journaledon a shaft 88, mounted at the outside of the column 1'... A chain-sprocket 81 is mounted on shaft 80 so as of the type-rolling process.

to rotate with the lowergear ll. Over an arc ll extending between the teeth 00 and II on the gear II said gear is blanked. The lower gear OI is similarly blanked over an are It sons .to be intermittently .driven by gear ll. The blanked portion ofgear 88 is arranged to act as a debut as it engages the blanked portion of gear ll. thus;

preventing any rotation of gear I! although gear 83 is constantly rotating.- The sprocket ll laconnectedby a'suitable chain drive 82 to the lower sprocket ll, said sprocket 08 being carried by a shaft 04 suitably journalled in an extension II from a gear chamber 80. p

A rock-shaft; I1 is suitably iournalledto the left column II. of the machine, and carries at its outer end a rearwardly extending arm II which is pivotally connected by.;a pin .9 and a rigid link I" to a, pin ill. on the web of sprocket, ll. The

inneror machine end of shaft -91 has fixed thereto an arm III! which at its rear end is' removably fastened by a bracket!" to an ejector I.

Aroller llflismountedonapin Ill flxedtothe web of sprocket II. A Geneva follower I II, which cut therein or attached thereto four equally spaced radial slots H3, H3", 3, i is secured to a rotatableshaft I mounted on the gear chamber 90. A helical gear ll! located within gear chamber 96 is also mounted on the shaft so as to be driven by Geneva follower 2., Gear m is in mesh with a similar helical gear in,

secured to a vertical shaft ll'l, which at its upper end is secured to or integral with a die-bed Ill.

As the gear I! is intermittently driven. by the constantly rotating gear II, the sprocket O8 is likewise intermittently driven. Ata point during the rotationof sprocket 93, the roller I ID will slidably engage a slot in the Geneva follower 'I I1,

urging the Geneva follower and its associated gear ll! into a quarter revolution. As the'shaft III is secured at its upper end to the die-bed Ill,

and as the shaft is driven by the gearing I liand N6, the die-bed III will thus be rotated in counterclockwise quarter revolution steps. The

timing mechanism is so arranged as to have the idle periods of die-bed Ill equal to the duration' It will be understood that although the preceding desoription hasspeciflcally mentioned a four position intermittent movement of shaft 1, an intermittent movement having any reasonable numberof stations can be accomplished by asuitable alteration of the timing 96 at its lower'end, journals shaft III. The bot-,

tom of the stationarymachine-bed I29 rests on the top surface of thejbase II. The bottom of revolving bed I 2| bears against the top of the stationary bed'llll and is thereby maintained in a horizontal position. The die-bed H8 rests on the upper surface of the revolving bed Iii "and isconnected to it as' by pins in so as to cause the simultaneous rotation of the revolving bed.

The die-bed Ill has four or more operating stationsA, B, C, and D, Figure 13. Where there arefour stations-theyare located apart and four square or rectangular holes I28; I28", ill,

.i2l,are cut-in the die-bed to receive the dies II.

The bed is revolved intermittently by means of the train of gears and the chain-drive previously I described. The extension is depending fromthe lower end of the die-head B5 is provided for lifting the die-head and opening the die. For .each

die, a plunger I 24 is slidably fitted in a cylindrical hole in the revolving bed I 2 I, the upper end of said plunger abutting the end of -the extension 59 on the die-head. The lower end of the plunger I24 rides in a cammed channel I25, preferably cut in the stationary bed I20 below the revolving bed I2I. The cam I25 raises the plunger I24 and liftsthe die-head 55, thus opening the die at a predetermined point in its path, usually immediately ahead of station D. The die remains open until/it has passed station A where the operator inserts the blank 12 in theopened space 63 between the beveled surfaces 80 and 82.

Between the outer edge of any rectangular hole, as I23" in the die-bed H8, and the jaw of the die 50, a wedge I28, Figure 12, which tapers in thickness from top to bottom, is inserted. This wedge locks the die in its position in the die-bed. In rolling a type in which the shank 33 inclines in an opposite direction from--that shown in Figure 18, but where the angle between the type- 7 head 32 and shank 33 is the same, the same die 50 is used. his necessary only to reverse the die in the hole I23, the wedge fitting against the jaw of the die, in thesame manner.

The outer circumference of the revolving bed- I2I is slotted at four equally spaced points I21, I21 I21, I21 corresponding to the locations of the die-holes I23, etcl, in the bed. A detentbar J28 preferably rectangular and having a square nose to engage the slots I21, etc., is slidably fit-' ted in a suitable guide I29, preferably an inverted channel-member having a closed rear wall I30 and secured to the stationary bedat the rear of the machine. A compression spring I3I,-interposed between bar I28 and the rear wall I30 of guide I29, reacts to urge the detent-bar I28 forwardly.

The guide has a suitable opening I32 to expose rack-teeth I33 cut into the upper surface of detent-bar I28 and to provide access for the actuating lever I34, the lower end of which has teeth in engagement with the rack-teeth I33. The actuating lever I34 may be in the form of a bell-crank, pivoted on a shaft I35 suitably secured to the machine-frame. The rearwardly extending arm I38 is also secured to shaft I35 and is pivotally connected by means of a pin I31 and link I38 to a cam-roller I39 mounted on an arm I40, which is pivoted at I4I to the machine-bed 18. Cam I42 mounted on shaft 94 so as to rotate with the sprocket 93 imparts a substantially vertical motion to link I38, which is translated into a horizontal movement of detent-bar I28.

The cam I42 engages the roller I39 immediately prior to the engagement of roller IIO with a slot of the Geneva follower II2, so as to withdraw the detent-bar I28, in opposition to spring I3I, prior to and during the rotation of the die-bed II8 to the next operating station. When the next operating station is reached, the engagement of cam I 42 and roller I39 will terminate, and spring I3I will be free to drive the detent-bar I28 into engagement with a slot, as I21, so as to prevent the further rotation of the die-bed during the rolling process.

As indicated on Figure 12, the bottom of the die 50 has at its ends two notches I43 and I44. Two

be inserted through the hole I 45 in order to raise the wedge I28 and the front jaw of the die so as to remove the die 50 from the press. The other jaw may be likewise lifted by inserting a pin through the rear hole 8..

When the die 50 is reversed, as previously described, notch I44 and wedge I28 are located over the front hole I45.

A sliding frame I50 is supported at its sides by channels I5I formed in or attached to the vertical columns 15 and 18. The channels guide frame I50 in free vertical movement. In a forwardly extending yoke- I52 integral with frame I50, 9. horizontal shaft I53 is fitted, at the center of which, immediately below the cam 84, a camroller I54 is journaled, so as to rotate freely on shaft I53. Shaft I53 is eccentrically mounted in. I frame I50 so as to provide for a vertical adjustment of roller I54,.the adjusting means comprising arotatable wheel I53.

The lower portion of the yoke I52 is formed into a rack I55 having toothed extremities I58 and I51 and a planar central surface I58.

Two supports I59 and I80 with rack-toothed surfaces are located at the machine-bed 18 and are disposed in the same vertical plane as the rack of the rack I55, with the roller-teeth I84, I85,

meshing additionally with the rack-teeth I58 and I51. lower roller mesh with the rack-teeth of the supports I59 and I80.

Because the rollers aregiven only a limited rotation, the front and rear surfaces can be planar, as shown in Figure 13. The bottom surface of the lower roller I83 is additionally cut away, leaving only a central portion I10 of full radius, in which portion the character-forming die I1 I having a portion of its outer surface equal to the width of a type 30 shaped to conform to the roller surface, is removably inserted and suitably locked. The character-forming'die I1I (see Figure 15) has female impressions 44, Figure 15, of the required type-characters 44 cut into its surface I1 I, so as to form the characters in relief on the type-head blank 12 with the application of suitable rolling pressure. I

' A shaft I12, journalled at the rear of the press, has an eccentric I13 fitted thereon, the shaft and eccentric being continuously rotated during the press operation by a gear-train or other connection to the outside power source 82. The geartrain 82 which serves to connect the shaft 19 to the power source 82, preferably is so designed as to give a 25-1 ratio between the rotation of eccentric I13 and shaft 19. An arm I14, journaled on the eccentric I13, is pivotally connected by means of a link I15 and a pin I18 to an arm I11 fixed to the rear side of the upper roller I82. The reciprocal motion given to the arm I 14 by the eccentric thereby imparts a forward and rearward rotation to the rollers I82 and I83, with the upper roller I82 rolling against rack-surface I58, lower roller I83 rolling against the typeblank 12 and the-various meshing gear-teeth and rack-teeth assuring a positive alignment of the rollers.

The toothedbearings I88 and I89 of the downwardly extending die-closingmem over station '8! notch l-l l cut therein'to engage the headof the preferably-consisting m fastened to theyoke III, has a rectangular lower extremity" psraileltothedie-bed-lllanddilbosedexactly The lower extremity has a type-blank II and has a flat surface lllto ensue the raiseddie-head ll' At-station "B". the depth of the cammed chanrides has reached apointwhich will permit the closingzof the die-head ls andflthe correctalignmentof the blank I! in the die I. The diehead II with the associated wedge I. may drop bygravity, and the-blank 12 may Y en be read y operation. the

of'arm. "I on. the die-head ll,;which is-forced :ly tolock its down flush with'the su'riace of. the die so. As the die-head I and thelocking wedge as arepperas" tively associated, closing the die serves additional- For aligning thedie "rel t vely to the rice, the..rolling die |'|l,there is provided anadjuste ing device in the form of a screw Ill, Figure 12.

The screw has collars which straddle a stationary ledgelll, andwhen turned the threaded rear end of-the screw shifts the stationary bed Ill with the die-bed Ill forwardly orbackwardly.

Suitable means (not shown) are provided to maintain the adjustment. .The vertical mounting I it, the top of which is connected to or integral with the stationary bed I", is also moved with the die-bed I I8 and the bed I".- As the die-bed H. is attached tothevertical shaft I; which is in turnjournaled within the vertical mounting ii... any horizontal movement of the stationary bed [18 transmitted through'shaft ll'l to-diebedjl Is, and consequently to the die 50, holding a blank 12. one. side of thestationary bed tolaterally adjust th'edie "with relation to therolling die 'I II, the position of which is substantially fixed with'relation to-the' center of the press: In this manner,

the'blank I! may be. moved to the exact center ofthe rolling die to insure a correct relationship between the blank and the rolling the rolling operation.

The contour of the earn .4 isflas follows: The

radius of the cam from the center I! to the camdie In during nel lilxin which the die-opening plunger 124' 4 tween thepoints island as on the cam-surface; the pressure of the rolling dieon the type practically becomes zero and-thecharacters .4 are given their ilnishednaccurate.;form.. The wings through'mediumof yoke and rollers Island Illas cam continues temis! exerts'a correspondingly increased prelim-s on the'die IIland the blankfli. The combinamoticn :of the die I'll works the 'metalof the type-bar blank-head ll into the formedin the die-ll. importing the shaped the die 'to the type-blank "metal, and giving-the,

exact angle in relation to the now rolled type tate,theconstantlyincreasing radiusoftheramp tion'ofthe increasingpressure and Y shank "substantially itsexact shape,and its.

head II, 15 and 16. When the point I on the cam-surface is reached the shape of the type-head and shank is substantially pletedand the characters inrelief sur- 1 faceof the type-head "have taken shape,'seeb Figures l5and l6. Duringthedwell period-bee I, I on the rolled type-headwere in the process [of formation throughout the rolling operation.-

f's'aid wingabeing, composed of the flash, or excess metal.- Point III on them marks the endofthe rollihg operation. which; for the custo 7 mary type'trstock metal, usually takes twentystrokes" of-the rolling die;-

The rolled type a (Figure is) as itu ram by this process thus-consists of a-type-head 82 Similar adjustment is provided at;

surface increases'continuously fromja starting point I until a suitable point I" is reached,jthus providing a ramp!" for starting. the rolling'operation. From the point lll'on thecamsurface to the point I", the radius is substantially constant, providing a dwell ll! during which the rolling. operation is completed. After the point m leaves the roller no, there is a deep theflaction of arm "I, the next quarter revolu 70 depression I" in the cam-surface to permit the rollingdie' toraiseunder action of the springs lil to clear the'die i5 and the blank 12 while the die-bed is'turned to another station.

when the die 50 has been positively closed by tion of die-bed lll brings die II and blank 12 into operating position under therolling die I'll, which with roller lfl'is continuously being rocked back and forth. The cam, continuouslyrotating -with shaft 1s, brings the point no on its surface with a certain amount of excess material or flash substantially complyingin thickness and shape a .to; the finished type-head (Figures 8.4. and .6) Jr projecting from the sidesgin the form 01 wins:

u, 4', lugs ll and II molded at: theends ol the type-head beneath the head; a shank 38 formed: Sat-the correct angle relativeatothe headand a gaging shoulder ii. The characters ll insubstantially their .iinished form are formed in relief on the face of the type head. The type-bar is thrust endwise to abut against gage when i type is riveted to bar.

The continued rotation of the allows the frame Ill and the cam-roller lllto rise by the reaction of spring Ill it reaches thejdepressed surface I" of the During thisperiod the pressure on the rollingdieis entirely-relieved and the rolling die is raisedout of engagement with theirolled type 8., see Figure 13. At

or about thispoint,thej*die-bed H8 is rotated through an angle 0190', bringing thenextdie II from station 13 to stationC under the rolling die.

and the process is repeated.

.With my invention,'therefore, what ordinarily I would require at least'an operation to form the type-head and a 'rolling operation to form the I characters is accomplished in one continuous operation by the combination of gradually applied vertical pressure and simultaneous. oscillation to a rocking die.

After leaving station C,the next movement of l the die-bed Ill brings the plunger Ill into con-'1 tact with theramp I25 of the cam-track I26.

The'sliding of the plunger on the cam-"ramp! causes the plunger to lift thedie-head 58, thus freeing the rolled type irasjseen in Figures 14.

and 18. The opening of thedie lifts the Just previously rolled type'sogthat the flash 4! is into engagement with the cam-roller I, exertnow spaced from the die-bed ils. occurs before the die reaches station D.

Thisaction Du ing the rotation of thedie-bed m and as I theopened die II with the rolled type 30 therein approaches station D, the ejector I previously mentioned is brought into operative position, Figures 14 and 16, by the downward .motion of arm is synchronized with the',movement oi the diebed H8. The machineend of the ejector I04 is provided with two pick-off fingers I05 and I 03, the ends of which are curved and disposed in advance of station D. The fingers are formed at the ends of the plates I01 and I08 comprising the bottom of the ejector-channel I09. The ejectorfinger I05 is in advance of the other finger and passes at one side of the type under the lifted flash as the die approaches station D. As the die 50 travels to its station D (see Figures 14 and 16) the right wing 45 of the rolled typehead .32 slides on to the inside finger I05 and rides up on it, bringing the rolled type 30 to a position where the shank 33 is practically clear of the 'diespace 63, see Figure 17. At approximately this point, the left wing 40 of thetype-head 32, now clear of the lifted die-head, rides on to the outer finger I06 and before the die-bed I I8 has stopped at station D, therolled type 30 has been removed from the die 50, the wings 45 and '46 of the typehead resting on the channel-plates I01, I08 of the ejector I04 as shown in Figure 17. During the period in which the next type-blank'is being rolled, the arm I02 is rocked upward about shaft 91, tilting the ejector upward, and the rolled type 30 slides by gravity along the channel I09 of the ejector and falls into a suitable receptacle I95. A proper curve is given the channel I09 to remove the rolled type in a direction of the shank 33, so that there is no interference during the rotation of the die-bed I I8 to station D. It will be understood that the ejector may be removed from the bracket I03 for changingthe ejector to co-operate with the type being rolled, as the direction in which the. type-shank 33 is inclined from the perpendicular determines which of the two ejector-fingers I05 and I03 is to engage the type first,

and also determines the curvature of the fingers I05 and I06.

In practice, four forms of ejector I04 are available. The pick-ofi finger under which the opened die-head passes depends on whether a lefthand or avright-hand form of type 30 is being rolled, as previously explained, and one of the pick-off fingers must pass closely over the jaw of die 50, whereas the other must clear the opened die-head 55, as illustrated in Figures 16 and 17. The third and fourth forms of ejector I04 are used with those types in which the angle between the type-head 32 and shank 33 is nearly 90, such as the centrally-disposed types.

The die 50 remains open as the next quarter turn of die-bed I I8 brings die 50 again to station continuous, with the entire operation automatic,

with the exception of the initial insertion of the blank 12 into the die, which, although usually performed by hand, may be accomplished by the use of a conveyor.

The rolled type 30 (Figure 18) is then removed from the receptacle I95, and the type-head 32 is placed between jaws 20I and 202 of a vise 200, which is located on the wheel 203, Figure 20.

The vise grips the gaging shoulder 43 and the lugs 39 and 40. The wheel 203 is mounted vertically on a revolving shaft 204, which is rotated intermittently, by means of a power source (not shown). There are eight or more vises spaced equally about the circumference of the wheel 203, each vise accommodating one type. The type 30 is inserted in the vise 200 at the station E, Figure 20. When the vise containing the type 30 reaches the upper station F, the type-head 32 is under a the center of the head of a scoring machine 205 which supports a vertical plunger 203 carrying two scoring tools 201 and. 208, the space between which is substantially equal to the required width of the finished type-head 32. The scoring tools 201 and 208 form two parallel notches 209 on the sides of the type-head 32, as indicated in Figure 19. The space between the scoring tools 201 and 208 is occupied by a pad 2 I0 which may be made of rubber or other compressible material. The rubber pad 2I0 is under compression during the scoring operation, and when the plunger 206 is raised, after the completion of the scoring operation, pad 2I0 expands and presses against the type-head 32 and holds the type 30 in position.

The rotation of the wheel brings the vise 200 to one of the lower stations H, when the scored type 30 will be pushed out of the vise 200 by means such as the ejector-bar 2 which cooperates with the plunger 206. A new rolled type 30 is then manually inserted when the vise 200 again reaches station E at the side of the wheel, and the operation continues. As there are eight or more vises on the wheel, the revolution of which is continuous; with the'exception :of the I stops madejor carrying out the scoring operation, this entire operation is therefore substantially continuous. Only one type of vise is used for all of the types, as the space between the jaws 20I and 202 accommodates the shanks 33 regardless of the angle between shank 33 and type-head 32.

After the scoring operation, the scored type 30 is placed in a vise 2I5, Figure 21. This vise consists of two jaws 2I6 and 2I1, the upper ends of which are shaped to form the clamping surfaces 2I8 and 2I9, which are located at-the proper angle for clamping the shank 33 of the score type 30 to bring-the type-head 32 into a substantially horizontalposition. It is thus necessary to pro- I vide ten or more different sets of vises, depending upon the number of different angles required between the type-heads and shanks. After the type is inserted the vise is closed by means of a cam 220, which is actuated by a handle 22I or other suitable means.

A pair of revolving milling cutters 222 and 223 mounted on a horizontal shaft 224 and spaced a distance apart substantially equal to the required width of the type-head 32 travels across the type-head and straddle-mills the sides thereof. The wings 45 and 46 of the scored type 30,

if not knocked off during the handling of the type after the scoring operation, will be removed during this milling operation.

The vise is then opened by means of the cam 220 and the handle 22I, the milled type 30 removed and a new score'd type 30 inserted.

,The side milled type 30 is then placed in a suitable holding fixture, and a pair of revolving form cutters 225 and 226, Figure 22, beveled to the-angle required and spaced the proper distance apart to accommodate the length of the type, travels across the face of the type 30.

ll, indicated on Figure 6.

The beveled type 30, Figure 23, is then placed in a suitable vise (not shown), the jaws of which clamp the shank u of the type in such a position that one side of the type-head '2 assumes the proper angular relation required for the correct 'milling of the guiding lugs 80 and I; as at 80' and 40', Figure 6. It is necessary to provide vises with ten or more'clamping angles, dependinglupon the number of angles required between the type-head and the shank of the types in each machine. I a

A pair of milling cutters 221 and 228 mounted on a revolving shaft 22" and spaced the required distance apart then'travels across the side oi the type-head 32 and mills the two guidelugs "and 40 atthe ends of the type.

The distance from the center of the type-head 32 to the edges of the lugs 82 and is the same for alltypes, so that as the edges of the lugs strike the edges ll of the notches in guide 31, the type will be brought into the correct printing-position of theplaten 2|.

After the lugs It and 40 are milled,thelugmilled type III isplaced in a suitable punch-press (not shown) where the holes 41, Figure 6, are punched into the shank." for attaching the type 20 to the type-bar 24. Instead or punching,

the holes may be drilled in-a conventional drillpress using single or multiple drills.

After punching, the punched type 2. is placed between 'jaws 228 and 220 of a vise .2", as in dicateddn Figure 24. The Jaws 22! and 280 of the vise have two faces 222 and-221 forgripping the shank 133 of the punched'type 20." At the top of one of the jaws 210 there is a shoulder 234 which engages the shoulder of the type II and maintains the type-head 32 in its correct position. i

A pair oi' milling cutters. mounted on alrevolving shaft (not shown), as indicated in Figure 24, and spaced the required distance apart.

is brought againstthe type-head 82 in order to mill out the clearance 48 at both ends of the type 30. All of the types are clearance milled, but as the amount of clearance required varlm 'with the different types, the movelnent 'of the cutters with relation to the type-head is adjusted to obtain the proper clearance. The same vise may be used for all types, regardless of the angle between the shank'and head. In the central types '36 and a similar set of types located adjacent to and at the opposite side of the center ,line X-X of the typewriter (a total of eight types in the average machine), the

path of the type in traveling from its home position in the arc ZZ tothe platen ll is very nearly perpendicular to the vertical plane of the platen, as in type 36, or the angle between the planeof the platen 3i and the shank ll ofthe type is a few degreesgless than 90', depending upon the position of the type with relation'to the center line XX of the machine. In order to facilitate the movement of these centraltypes when the sides of the central type-heads, as 80,

come incontact with the edges 4i and llof the notches 42 and 42" in the center of the guide 31, the two ends at the side of these types are beveled slightly, asindicated at" in Figures 3 and 25. The typ 'isbeveled at the side-opposite a,11o',s4'1 These cutters formthe end bevels or chamfer's right-hand nxed gage I at Figure 3. But those clearance between the upper and lower notches" and l ofthe guide 21 These-cutters 281 are brought againstthe sideofthc type II. the

bevels llaaremill'ed at the two ends of 9 tothedepthrequired;

The end-bevelledtypeil is placed in about! device of a suitable character, and the liolul' l countersunkon one side'of the shank .22. This counter-sinking operation is performed on all of the types, in the conventional manner ona drillpress or other suitable machine, usingeither a single or multiple countersink.

Arte t l the les, burrs raised atvanou mint $79 by the rm" chining operations are removed by hand-filing in the conventional manner, using various sites and shapes of iiles or abrasive In order to facilitate the location of in assembling'typewriters, some'or all of them bear a distinguishing number. Thislnu'i'nber is either stamped} or etched; on one'side of the shank 23. 1

The types, after the machining operations are completed, are then heat-treated in the convutional manner to'the art inorder to harden them. The exact heat-treating process varies considerably depending upon the steel used in the blank and the in the types.

After they are finished the types with" chromiumycadmium or other suitable material. This Plating is performed byusing either an electroplatingjorqother suitable process, to

' protect the suri'ace'soi' the type I While the sequence of operations indicated herein maybe followed in the process of inak'ing the types described, the relationship of themchinlng steps to one another is such that this scquencemay be alteredin a number of ways depending upon thefacility for handling the parts in the'machine-shop. The stepsmay thus be re- 7 arranged, or'two or more steps may be combined in one machine onset of machines, or be performed in one holding device, to produce the desired result, dependinghpon the Judgment of thoseskilledinthe art. The invention is not confined to types I I, one m typewriters, for the "invention maybe media making types for computing, adding, recording,-

checks-writing, and other machines."

The type-rolling motion hereinbefore described may also be described as a rocking m'otiomor a kneading motion, or other metal-working motion.

"Variations may. be resorted to within of theinv'ention, and portions of the" mer ts-maybe without others: I

Having'thus'dcscribed my invention, I claim:

' l.'In manufacturing, a set of typewriter-types each 'type having afaceformed with atypecharacter, and alsoha ving'a shank attachabletoa type-.csrrim, the shanks'severally being dissubstantially as set forth, at different angles with a; common printing-plane for types; the methddzof forming the type-character'ion each type and at the same time establish shank-angle, said m 7 cluding operating upon a type-blank, having such shank, with a type-character-forming device while holding said blank with said shank fixed at a certain angle to said character-forming device, the several certain angles at which the shanks of the blanks for the set of types are held and fixed relatively to the character-forming device being the same as the several different angles of the type-shanks with-said common printingplane.

2. In manufacturing a set of typewriter types, each type having a face formed with a typecharacter, and also having a shank attachable to a type-carrier, the shanks severally being disposed, substantially as set forth, at different angles with a common printing-plane for the types; the method of forming the type-character on each type and at the same time establishing the companion shank-angle, said method including operating upon a type-blank, having such shank, with a type-character-forming device while holding said blank in blank-receiving means arranged in a type-forming press to fix the shank at a certain angle to the character-forming device, the several certain angles at which the shanks of the blanks for the set of types are fixed relativelyto the character-forming device being the same as the several different angles of the type-shanks with said common printingplane.

3. In manufacturing a set of typewriter-types, each type having a face formed with a typecharacter, and also having a shank attachable to a type-carrier, the shanks severally being disposed, substantially as set forth, at different angles with a common printing-plane for the types; the method of forming the type-characters for the set of types and at the same time establishing, for each type, the companion shankangle, said method including operating upon type-blanks, having such shanks, with type-character-forming devices while holding each blank in a type-blank receiver arranged to fix the shank of that blank at a certain angle to the character-forming device, said method including the use of a set of different angle-establishing typebla'nk-receivers, one type-blank receiver for each of the said difierent angles.

4. The method as set forth in claim 3, the set of types including certain pairs, in that the individual types of a pair have their shanks disposed at the same angle to said printing-plane but in opposite directions from the middle of the set of types, one blank-receiver being used for each such pair of types and being used reversibly to point the shanks of that pair in said opposite directions.

5. In manufacturing a set of typewriter types, each type having a head formed with a typecharacter and also having a single shank-forming fin, the shanks severally being disposed, substantially as set forth, at difierent angles with a common printing-plane for the types, each type also having underneath said head a pronounced boss-formation, such as 3!, It: the method of forming said types from a set of blanks, each blank having stock for the head and boss-formation, and also having such shank-fin appendant to said stock.'said method including workins upon said stock of a blank for each type with a character-forming stamp while holding the blank in a blank-receiving die arranged to fix said shank at a certain angle to said stamp, said die also being arranged and used as a matrix into which the stock is molded, by the characterforming pressure of said stamp, to produce said boss-formation, the said several angles by which the shanks of the blanks for the set of types are fixed relative to the character-forming stamps being the same as the several different angles of the type-shanks with said common printingplane.

6. In manufacturing a set of typewriter-types, each type having a head formed with a type-character, and also having a single thin shank-fin, the shank-fins severally being disposed, substantially as set forth, at different angles with a common printing-plane for the types; the method in which uniform type-blanks, such as 12, are used to produce the diverse types of the set, each blank being in the form of a rod having a longitudinal thicksection that constitutes stock for the head, the remainder of the rod being in the thin form of said shank-fin, said method including operating upon the stock of each blank with a typecharacter-forming stamp while holding said blank with said shank-fin fixed at a certain angle to said stamp, the several certain angles by which the shank-fins of the blanks for the set of types are fixed relatively to the stamp being the same as the several different angles of the type-shanks with said common printing-plane.

7. The method of producing type-blanks for a set of typewriter-types of the character described, each type having an elongated stick on one longitudinal side of which the type-character is formed, and also having a single shank-forming fin appendant as a thin flange along the under side of said stick, said method being directed to finishing the fin to its final thickness while producing the blank, and therefore including rolling or drawing type-blank material into a rod of L-shaped cross-section by suitable means devised to make one leg of the L of the finished thin cross-section dimension of said fin, and to make the other leg of the L as a thickened stock, such as Ill, workable by means of stick and typecharacter-forming pressure dies while the fin is held at a certain angle in a die, the fins of the blanks for the several types of said set being held at diverse angles, as set forth.

8. The method of producing type-blanks for a set of typewriter-types of the character described, each type having an elongated stick on one longitudinal side of which the type-character is formed, and also having a single shank-forming fin appendant as a thin flange along the under side of said stick, said method being directed to finishing the fin to its final thickness while producing the blank, and therefore including rolling or drawing type-blank material into a rod of L-shaped cross-section by suitable means devised to make one leg of the L of the finished thin cross-section dimension of said fin, and to make the other leg of the L as a thickened stock, such as ll, workable by means of stick and type-character-forming pressure dies while the fin is held at a certain angle in a die, the fins of the'blanks for the several types of said set being held at diverseangles, as set forth, said rod being rolled or drawn to a length affording a multiplicity of the type-blanks, said method including cutting up the rod of said length into said type-blanks.

EDWIN THORELL. 

